Schizotypal traits and psychotic-like experiences during adolescence: An update.

BACKGROUND The psychosis phenotype is distributed along a severity continuum that ranges from psychological well-being to full-blown psychosis. Schizotypal traits and psychotic-like experiences are considered as one of the possible phenotypic indicators of the latent liability for psychosis (named schizotypy). This selective review offers a general overview and update of trait schizotypy and psychotic like experiences during adolescence. METHOD The previous literature on schizotypal traits  and psychotic like experiences is selectively reviewed. RESULTS We begin with a brief introduction of psychosis syndrome from an extended psychosis phenotype framework as well as a brief definition of trait schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences. We introduce the study of these traits and experiences from a developmental perspective, where the psychosis proneness-persistence-impairment model is highlighted. We provide a selective review of the tools available for assessment these constructs from the psychometric high-risk paradigm. We then discuss the factorial validity of the studies conducted in adolescents. In addition, the links between this set of subclinical traits and experiences and other variables gathered from a translational approach are discussed, with the aim to establish a nomological network. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by considering remaining questions and future directions for the understanding of trait schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences during adolescence.